A dialogue about the lawyers - in fact, part-time lawyers?
A story is the relationship between the hounds and hunters:
Spring and Autumn Period, there is a resort area north of the state of Qin, and many nobles like to be here hunting, and if necessary the administrator can hire a dog to hunt, there is a person who employs a Chu called can be harvested, Chu was very satisfied with the state of Chu in the summer of the second place went to the manager to hire piece named has to die, become like it, name changed to become a pair of virtue No, people must call him president Yan fill the fields to chase rabbits, chase a long time but did not catch, Shepherd see this scene, laughing dog, said: hound replied: like hunting dogs are right, if I want to get more game, you have to think positive solution, inspired by like lightning across my mind from the hunters, and management of the fire was lit. so hunters from the city and brought back a few dogs Article dogs, then dogs are prepared for the new system, those who can catch in hunting rabbits, you can get a few bones as wages, promotion can not not eat, this was really effective, dogs have a a courageously rushed and captured a lot of rabbits, who are unwilling to look at it because there are bones to eat, their hungry look on in despair, and thus a period of time, the problem has emerged, the hounds have found a large bunny rabbit is more often than difficult to catch, but caught no matter big or small rabbit rabbit bones get rewarded almost, good view of the dogs search found this trick, but specifically to catch a small rabbit, and slowly we all discovered the trick, ask you to catch Hunter Why are more and more small rabbit, dogs are big rabbits and small response to catch the proportion of rabbit bones no difference anyway, who would cost so much effort, hunters will no longer be decided after thinking about the number of rabbit hunting dogs and incentives bones linked to fishing, but the methods used to reward performance appraisal, statistics per each over a period of time the total amount of dogs caught the rabbit, according to the total weight to evaluate the dog's performance, the treatment decision for some time, performance management soon achieved results, the number of dogs have caught the rabbit and the weight increased, but did not last long, hunters have found that dogs who catch the rabbits and a significant reduction in the number, and the more experienced dogs to catch rabbits get down to the number of more calendar harm, Hunter asked the hounds, the hounds that we are dedicated to the best time to host you Yeah, but as time goes on we will gradually grow old, when we catch a rabbit, you will bones do for us, so all the dogs caught the hunter rabbit pooled analysis of the number and weight, made the provisions of reward on merit, and if a rabbit caught more than a certain number of meals in old age can enjoy the corresponding number of bones, dogs are very happy, we are to move forward in their efforts to the task required to complete a hunter, after a period of time some of the provisions of hounds finally completed by the target of hunters. At this time including a hunting dog that We strive to only get a few bones, and we caught this game far more than a few bones, why can not we catch the rabbits do to their own, so some dogs leave the hunters, their hunting rabbits to a separate portal.
Wednesday, December 29, 2010
Tuesday, December 28, 2010
Culture and civilization
Culture and civilization are two different things people are now starting to human culture is called civilization, culture? Is all part of the full record of human activity. Ancient Egyptian civilization is said to be from BC fourth millennium, because then there is about a text, the text has
some simple records to the social life, and thought, that is history, that is culture. have to be called a cultural civilization. whereby the world has recognized several ancient civilizations of Egypt, Babylon, India,
Greece and China. alleged to have five thousand years of Chinese civilization, that is, counting the past three years, and in a thousand years before the Xia Dynasty, Then there is the cultural, even into civilization.
human development today with a deep understanding of civilization, some scholars of the past few years called the barbaric period of human society, as full of killing, looting bloody, oppressive. With no signs of human culture entered the
civilization, and even connected with culture is the youngest of civilized human beings do not know how you can call themselves civilized out? human civilization can only be of human civilization from the beginning to understand the criteria can be considered after the start step by step into civilization.
I would like to confirm for humans of every human individual should be the principle of equality and as a target of people's appearance can be called the beginning of civilization.
563 BC to Houqiaodamo. Siddhartha founded Buddhism, with the goal of equality for all, he and his followers to the true Buddhist lit the light of human civilization. 586 years ago the king of Babylon destroyed the Jewish state, will be Jewish aristocrats
, civilians looting to Babylon, the Jews become the prisoners of Babylon, and since then by the suffering of the Jews to want to have an omnipotent God - Savior - Ya Hervey, equality before the Savior, it is difficult to lead people out of hard
! This is the origin of Judaism. around the second century BC, the lower the Roman Empire's crushing dissatisfaction with the ruling class, fully accepted the Jewish Bible - Old Testament, created a Christian, said the Messiah of God, have added a number of teaching
justice, called the believe in equality before God of truth, they all pursue the same ideal, is a world of equality, this and the founder of Buddhism
teach, just as the light of human civilization. 610 AD Mohammed Mohammed founded Islam, the Koran and the Old and New Testaments of Islam is almost the same nature, the only obvious difference is that the Almighty God into no big difference. can be considered the light of human civilization! Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam are the same in nature, but because there are some religious people do not spread civilization, spread their false religion in order to take
superstition to deceive the faithful devotees of slavery, the religious ruling class into a caste system maintenance tools. Europe has experienced since the Middle Ages, Italian Renaissance created a new era of human civilization, and later inspired the Protestant Reformation in Europe
, resulting in the real goal of human equality of all Protestant, counting only from this point, everyone is equal before the truth began to spread in human society, the real, human beings began the transition from barbarism to civilization. This is a transition
is long, the old forces will not withdraw from their own history, mankind has experienced numerous killings and disasters, won the 1945 World Anti-Fascist war, the great victory, this can be said that the road to civilization of mankind has not
reversed! but the Long March was also the first step! person still far from real civilization, very far!
ancient Egypt, Babylon, India, Greece and ancient Chinese culture that is simply not civilized! < br> China in the Spring and Autumn period with the immobility,
dictatorial emperor only one person can think, can talk! Han Dynasty more development is called is two thousand years, still the Chinese government system
people who cross the perimeter step in China, struggle after another, the mainstream will still not dare, Is it uncivilized it? Confucian-based moderation it not for harmony? and
harmonious society do not you?
surface, love, moderation, harmony and social wonderful words are very good, very civilization, but they tried to evade the problem is real - is the existing level of authoritarian society, inequality based on preaching is methodology, not a reference to change the essence of traditional Chinese social injustice. Confucianism in the final analysis, the autocratic rule of imperial strategy, is the official imperial authoritarian way, and human civilization irrelevant
! because Confucianism is to safeguard the old authoritarian rule, his statements are false love harmony, the essence of Confucianism is the hypocrisy! old cultural tradition of China is the hypocrisy!
described by Lu Xun's madman tells sharply early traditional Chinese society and the nature of hypocrisy: in his eyes all of the text, all the books in that behind all the sermons, are only the bloody words:
eating! In addition to eating, or eating!
some simple records to the social life, and thought, that is history, that is culture. have to be called a cultural civilization. whereby the world has recognized several ancient civilizations of Egypt, Babylon, India,
Greece and China. alleged to have five thousand years of Chinese civilization, that is, counting the past three years, and in a thousand years before the Xia Dynasty, Then there is the cultural, even into civilization.
human development today with a deep understanding of civilization, some scholars of the past few years called the barbaric period of human society, as full of killing, looting bloody, oppressive. With no signs of human culture entered the
civilization, and even connected with culture is the youngest of civilized human beings do not know how you can call themselves civilized out? human civilization can only be of human civilization from the beginning to understand the criteria can be considered after the start step by step into civilization.
I would like to confirm for humans of every human individual should be the principle of equality and as a target of people's appearance can be called the beginning of civilization.
563 BC to Houqiaodamo. Siddhartha founded Buddhism, with the goal of equality for all, he and his followers to the true Buddhist lit the light of human civilization. 586 years ago the king of Babylon destroyed the Jewish state, will be Jewish aristocrats
, civilians looting to Babylon, the Jews become the prisoners of Babylon, and since then by the suffering of the Jews to want to have an omnipotent God - Savior - Ya Hervey, equality before the Savior, it is difficult to lead people out of hard
! This is the origin of Judaism. around the second century BC, the lower the Roman Empire's crushing dissatisfaction with the ruling class, fully accepted the Jewish Bible - Old Testament, created a Christian, said the Messiah of God, have added a number of teaching
justice, called the believe in equality before God of truth, they all pursue the same ideal, is a world of equality, this and the founder of Buddhism
teach, just as the light of human civilization. 610 AD Mohammed Mohammed founded Islam, the Koran and the Old and New Testaments of Islam is almost the same nature, the only obvious difference is that the Almighty God into no big difference. can be considered the light of human civilization! Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam are the same in nature, but because there are some religious people do not spread civilization, spread their false religion in order to take
superstition to deceive the faithful devotees of slavery, the religious ruling class into a caste system maintenance tools. Europe has experienced since the Middle Ages, Italian Renaissance created a new era of human civilization, and later inspired the Protestant Reformation in Europe
, resulting in the real goal of human equality of all Protestant, counting only from this point, everyone is equal before the truth began to spread in human society, the real, human beings began the transition from barbarism to civilization. This is a transition
is long, the old forces will not withdraw from their own history, mankind has experienced numerous killings and disasters, won the 1945 World Anti-Fascist war, the great victory, this can be said that the road to civilization of mankind has not
reversed! but the Long March was also the first step! person still far from real civilization, very far!
ancient Egypt, Babylon, India, Greece and ancient Chinese culture that is simply not civilized! < br> China in the Spring and Autumn period with the immobility,
dictatorial emperor only one person can think, can talk! Han Dynasty more development is called is two thousand years, still the Chinese government system
people who cross the perimeter step in China, struggle after another, the mainstream will still not dare, Is it uncivilized it? Confucian-based moderation it not for harmony? and
harmonious society do not you?
surface, love, moderation, harmony and social wonderful words are very good, very civilization, but they tried to evade the problem is real - is the existing level of authoritarian society, inequality based on preaching is methodology, not a reference to change the essence of traditional Chinese social injustice. Confucianism in the final analysis, the autocratic rule of imperial strategy, is the official imperial authoritarian way, and human civilization irrelevant
! because Confucianism is to safeguard the old authoritarian rule, his statements are false love harmony, the essence of Confucianism is the hypocrisy! old cultural tradition of China is the hypocrisy!
described by Lu Xun's madman tells sharply early traditional Chinese society and the nature of hypocrisy: in his eyes all of the text, all the books in that behind all the sermons, are only the bloody words:
eating! In addition to eating, or eating!
Monday, December 27, 2010
Fu Laoda grandmother tell stories of the past, men were real wife kiss (Figure)
80-year-old grandmother was the spiritual pillar of
Francis in Houston this evening local time (Beijing time on August 14 morning), Francis in his office in Houston Hall a long time not charity dinner
The grandmother also appeared, accompanied by family members to attend.
old Francis rushed her to his own office to take my grandmother to see the photos here and a lot of memorable ...
Francis's office in Houston home the tall office building across from the transparent windows ...
view not far from the Toyota Center, as if ---- Francis in front of the attention that it was his home: (< br> picked up this piece of early family photos, the grandmother toad in front of what Francis the story of the past?
every move at this time two great-grandfather moved
This is what people in developed when the boss grandmother to grandmother to buy the ring
to see this album are basically Fu Laoda to China when the photo
Vision: Toyota Center; Close Range: Francis and grandmother
watching this ...
out the window of the Toyota Center, he told all the people: that is his home!
SF3, former No. 3, No. 3 forever!
at this difficult time, only family and his stand .. .
He also knows his enthusiastic Chinese fans interested in, so it has repeatedly expressed gratitude to the Chinese fans.
However, the most learned of his wife or his wife
said today: My husband is a real man. .. he did everything, all like a man.
Although not see his shadow in the NBA, but he has been reconciled to the failure of people, and I support him!
and family time together , the boss went to the final surface
Francis in Houston this evening local time (Beijing time on August 14 morning), Francis in his office in Houston Hall a long time not charity dinner
The grandmother also appeared, accompanied by family members to attend.
old Francis rushed her to his own office to take my grandmother to see the photos here and a lot of memorable ...
Francis's office in Houston home the tall office building across from the transparent windows ...
view not far from the Toyota Center, as if ---- Francis in front of the attention that it was his home: (< br> picked up this piece of early family photos, the grandmother toad in front of what Francis the story of the past?
every move at this time two great-grandfather moved
This is what people in developed when the boss grandmother to grandmother to buy the ring
to see this album are basically Fu Laoda to China when the photo
Vision: Toyota Center; Close Range: Francis and grandmother
watching this ...
out the window of the Toyota Center, he told all the people: that is his home!
SF3, former No. 3, No. 3 forever!
at this difficult time, only family and his stand .. .
He also knows his enthusiastic Chinese fans interested in, so it has repeatedly expressed gratitude to the Chinese fans.
However, the most learned of his wife or his wife
said today: My husband is a real man. .. he did everything, all like a man.
Although not see his shadow in the NBA, but he has been reconciled to the failure of people, and I support him!
and family time together , the boss went to the final surface
Sunday, December 26, 2010
Try to love the process and results for
I will not let you continue to pay
Enjoy peace of mind you will not go to the care
we loved each other deeply
since it has been previously deleted inequality
then start again once
I want to pay good
today we have very frustrating
lost property
more important things into his hands
I hate people that steal
now only pray we do not make things
hurt and want to avoid disaster or even bankruptcy
Read
Category: Own Words View Comments
forgiveness and love and be loved
hurt
you say why the two people obviously love one another torture
fact I do not know the answer
I think I was a weird thing people would never imagine
a particularly bad outcome
;
After today we have to carry
you say I always be your weakness and I want to say I always
from do not open your
we all need each other we can not let go of each other
but Hello, I can not point you to my very own silent
time you love me times Forgive me but I seem
numb and nervous
before I know our love is not fair
fair to each other from now
Enjoy peace of mind you will not go to the care
we loved each other deeply
since it has been previously deleted inequality
then start again once
I want to pay good
today we have very frustrating
lost property
more important things into his hands
I hate people that steal
now only pray we do not make things
hurt and want to avoid disaster or even bankruptcy
Read
Category: Own Words View Comments
forgiveness and love and be loved
hurt
you say why the two people obviously love one another torture
fact I do not know the answer
I think I was a weird thing people would never imagine
a particularly bad outcome
;
After today we have to carry
you say I always be your weakness and I want to say I always
from do not open your
we all need each other we can not let go of each other
but Hello, I can not point you to my very own silent
time you love me times Forgive me but I seem
numb and nervous
before I know our love is not fair
fair to each other from now
Wednesday, December 22, 2010
Phelps won 8 gold, countries expressed strong dissatisfaction!
After Phelps won 8 gold:
States swimming breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly, freestyle t100, 200,400,1500 lead to too many gold medals are often dissatisfied with non-
, have requested the project to increase their advantage the number of gold medals.
by Brazil:
football should be divided into 3, 5, 7, 11 t beach, indoor, grass.
by China:
table tennis should be divided into straight , horizontal plate, straight doubles, straight singles, mixed doubles in straight horizontal plate.
diving should be divided into 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m
British made:
should be divided into dark horse riding equestrian , White Horse equestrian, riding red horse, brown horse operation, equestrian club, riding a zebra.
Kenya made:
long-distance running should be divided into 10,000 m, 11,000 m, 12,000 m, 13,000 m ...
proposed by Japan :
all mixed projects should be increased 3p, 4p, 5p, 6p, 7p ... group p. .. 500p.
Thailand to:
addition to men's and women's events, all should be added Simon group.
exception of South Korea in this regard did not ask, they yelled:
Phelps is Korean
States swimming breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly, freestyle t100, 200,400,1500 lead to too many gold medals are often dissatisfied with non-
, have requested the project to increase their advantage the number of gold medals.
by Brazil:
football should be divided into 3, 5, 7, 11 t beach, indoor, grass.
by China:
table tennis should be divided into straight , horizontal plate, straight doubles, straight singles, mixed doubles in straight horizontal plate.
diving should be divided into 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m
British made:
should be divided into dark horse riding equestrian , White Horse equestrian, riding red horse, brown horse operation, equestrian club, riding a zebra.
Kenya made:
long-distance running should be divided into 10,000 m, 11,000 m, 12,000 m, 13,000 m ...
proposed by Japan :
all mixed projects should be increased 3p, 4p, 5p, 6p, 7p ... group p. .. 500p.
Thailand to:
addition to men's and women's events, all should be added Simon group.
exception of South Korea in this regard did not ask, they yelled:
Phelps is Korean
Tuesday, December 21, 2010
First Cooperation motivation and internal friction - on the two sen biography ...
First Cooperation motivation and internal friction *
mm biography of Sun Yat-sen on the two study notes
EXAMINATION
cause. The first KMT-CPC cooperation and division, the future direction of the two parties as well as the fate of Chinese history, had a huge and deep impact, and even a threat to the political situation in China today. explore the motivation for the beginning of bipartisan cooperation , friction and calm during the production of summing up the historical lessons from our mistakes in order to promote the healthy development of the two parties, when there is a certain sense.
Professor Shi Fulin of rearranged related discourse, trying to tease out a KMT-CPC cooperation to friction and eventually led to the split context.
a motive
(a) of the Sun and the KMT
1, the need of the revitalization of the KMT .
that time, the backbone around the Sun during the Revolution, such as Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren and so on are successively dying, young Zhu Zhixin killed pass away, the Republic of complex political situation even worse, the revolutionary party in the political race in a distinct disadvantage. In particular, in June 1922, Sun Yat-sen Chen relied on the revolutionary rebellion, Shanghai and Guangzhou, two cities to carry out regular and meaningful work. hh Sun Yat-sen is not a particularly effective organization workers, when he was busy in Guangzhou, when the government, appeared to ignore party's favor. (Wei , pages 216-217)
Sun Yat-sen led the October Revolution from the Bolshevik success and victory in the establishment of Soviet power, had learned the consistency of the failure for his thought, one of the founding of political parties model. He believes that a large number of Soviet Russia information revolution can learn from the experience. He hopes to help the Communist Party of the Zhongshan praised the achievements of Soviet Russia. He admired the discipline of Russian Communists, in particular the leadership of the armed forces the envy of the party. especially when the revolution led by Sun Yat-sen became the a large army is the protection of the Soviet Revolution. (history, page 201)
1923 年 11 25, Sun Yat-sen to the party comrades gave a lecture that the main purpose of the reorganization, aiming at the The party's influence extended to the provinces in Mainland China, while the party does not rely on military force alone, but rely on the strength of the party itself. In the past, why the KMT fail? because the party lacks a model and a precedent, and now we have made from the Russian Revolution these things. .
Previously, Sun Yat-sen repeated cold foreign powers, the Soviet Union turn to new country assistance. While Guangzhou and Russia are far apart geographically, but the Sun fantasy, through the support of his military forces and Russian Red Army in the joint efforts of the Chinese Army to recover in Beijing. (Wei, page 145) Sun also believe that if the Communist Party of their own careers is developed, it will become a rival for Soviet aid. And if he does not cooperate with the Communists, Russia will choose another candidate as those who like Chen. Sun exclusive Soviet assistance to the arms, money, and sent a consultant, as he make his own party to become the most important revolution of the vehicle and his vision The Department of State in the political tutelage of administrative powers only temporarily, like. the more he understood the victory of the Bolsheviks, the more determined to implement the one-party dictatorship of the plan. (history, page 189-190)
but Sun Yat-sen and Soviet Union, Communist China cooperation is not without reservations. early conversation with Lu Zou, he said, , drive straight to the Soviet Union and the. the situation is. Argentina's radical redistribution of land request. (history, page 207)
1923 年 5 months, Sun warned at the moment is teaching him how to reorganizing the Kuomintang's Ma Lin: To expel them; Soviet Communists, if the side stand, I will oppose the Soviet Union. hope to catch up, and urgently seek Russia's help, but his purpose and Russia, Communist leaders whose purpose is different interesting. (Wei, page 212)
(b) aspects of the Chinese Communists and the Soviet Union
Although the beginning, the Communist Party does not attach importance to Sun Yat-sen and his party, some people even suspect that their cooperation is worthwhile. However, by the united front, not only to obtain a greater range of activities, but also benefited from the KMT reputation and better social status. At this point the number of less than 300 Communist Party, the KMT in the country is officially at least several thousand members, the students and the trade unions in Guangzhou and many more sympathizers. the Communist Party finds that the KMT was the only number of reputation is the main asset of the KMT. Comintern that the Sun is expected to become a submissive ally. (history, page 189)
1923 At the beginning of the Comintern leadership decided, should be seen as the Kuomintang and Sun Yat-sen led the Chinese National Revolutionary Movement outstanding candidates, they are ready to conditionally support the Sun. He must transform his party, a clear goal of the party so opposed to imperialism, to allow the Communists to work within the Kuomintang in order to organize from a mass proletarian revolutionary movement. (Wei, page 211)
Borodin praised the potential of the KMT, although it However, this situation will come, and coming. kinds of fighting spirit and national organizations. so to make this party possible that China is rapidly awakening from the great spirit of nationalism, drawing more power. conditions, rooted in the kinds of semi-colonial status, workers would have no hope to achieve their goals. questions about the well-known national and colonial theory that the backward colonial countries in the Communist Party can participate in the national revolutionary movement, but must maintain and strengthen their own independent organization, in order to facilitate preparing to launch a proletarian socialist revolution. Communist leaders in the reluctantly agreed to join his party is leading the national revolutionary movement, while the KMT to convey instilled such a strategy. (Wei, page 290)
1922 年 11 months, the Communist International held in Moscow in the Fourth Congress of the Communist Party explained the purpose of joining the KMT. A representative of China boasted: International Executive Committee decided: CPC resolution of the three most recent follow the Communist International, to further define: the increase in the transformation of the Communist Party of the Kuomintang forces at the same time. (history, page 198)
1923 年 10 held on 17 May, including the most prominent communists, Socialist Youth League and union leaders attended the meeting, Borodin said: the growth and expansion. (Grove, p. 223)
visible, Borodin openly advocated that the KMT by making the combat more nationalistic approach to the restructuring of the revitalization of the KMT, the KMT under the leadership of such nationalist struggle and the workers sports cooperation; and he and his comrades more sensitive to talk about is the ultimate goal is to strengthen the power of the Communist Party. (Wei, page 223).
Second, friction
(a) of the party platform on the Constitution the beginning of the debate
KMT-CPC cooperation have given rise to friction. Kuomintang Communist Party of the old comrades suspected of using only the name of the KMT. overseas Chinese to refer to Sun Yat-sen whether the reorganization was to change the Communist Party of the Kuomintang, and if so, they will quit the party. (Grove, p. 244)
serious challenge to the KMT for the first time in December 1923, led by the Kuomintang DENG Ze such as the 11 Division in Guangdong Province leaders presented a submission to the Sun, charged that the Constitution and the constitution, the draft platform, etc., from Borodin's planned implementation of multi-conductor, and these policies is based on the Communist Party before this opinion Chen's decision. They sued, Chen came forward through the activities of his followers, he himself is behind the scenes pull strings. They attacked Chen and Sun Yat-sen before the theories of contempt, but now it has led his gang members, the group ran to go, join the KMT. This is a conspiracy: the shell by the Kuomintang, the Communist Party into the soul. and predicted that the new electoral law by the KMT, he wrote, the new draft constitution, He stated the success of the Russian Revolution the Chinese revolution failed because the KMT is still unknown member of the Three People's Principles had. )
Sun wrote, mocking Three Principles of the young communists, the worship of the Russian Revolution of wrangling over when the believers. tried exclusion and discredit the KMT swept the monopoly because they need the friendship of Russia and to prevent the Russians and I party contact, listen to his manipulation. he presented to impeach the book to ensure the protesters, the leaders of Russia is a rich background, there are caucus work experience, they will not be such juvenile by the ignorance and Kuipo their tricks. awakening many people to join our party. I doubtless abandon.
our revolution to the countries that are not happy to learn, try to help me who to fight against my party. Therefore, the national capital is absolutely no sympathy in my party. The sympathetic look,
only Russia and the oppressed of the oppressed countries and peoples. The Russians contact me also the meaning of non-Chen, is also Russian automatic. If I was
Chen and even suspected and Russia, is the plan for the middle of Chen, And He Dezhi carry. hh
1924 年 1 month, the KMT Borodin will argue in a special declaration to include the following: confiscation of large landowners of the land, not property confiscated the land where the landlord lived, and the allocation of land to tenant farmers. Sun Yat-sen was not persuaded, and he even opposed the Declaration appear in this section: Request that the KMT, it is necessary and other oppressed countries, the national revolutionary movement against imperialism united front, and revolutionary movement suspicion because of their misinterpretation of Livelihood. Livelihood essentially includes the theory of socialism, and socialism in turn includes a lower-level set of communism and the communist theory. in the Kuomintang and communist doctrine and between No big difference. Russia today is not the practice of communism, seen in her true effectiveness of the policy, but a livelihood policies. If you understand these principles, new and old comrades can dispel misunderstandings doubt. (Wei, page 245) < br> That being said, to January 23, of the organization he proposes to the National Government's program. According to Borodin's records, from overseas branches of the party's representative produced, officials, businessmen and landlords (Borodin see them as villains rogue) do everything possible to persuade the Sun Yat-sen originally intended to give a declaration. Borodin to try to persuade him to, and use fear Shulman Minister Sun leaked transcript of fear, and ultimately persuaded the Sun. Sun Yat-sen President of the Assembly the same day the pro, and The first voted in favor. declaration adopted. (Wei, page 246)
[U.S.] Schiffrin of 1996 edition.
[U.S.] Wei Muting the KMT and become a KMT member, .1 24, Shanghai Representative He Shizhen to the Review Committee recommended that the new Constitution with a Bill to prohibit the KMT party members also belong to another party .1 28, when the constitution is about to deliver the General Assembly vote, Guangzhou Representative Fangrui Lin added a recommendation: , with great sincerity, humility and courtesy of euphemism terms, the KMT's , as only the Kuomintang called this task, therefore, resolutely decided to join the KMT party members, it engage in the national revolution under the leadership of the struggle. the reason they joined the KMT, is contributing to the KMT came, God forbid, by the KMT in the name of the movement comes as the Communist Party. They joined the KMT, in an individual capacity, not as a political party to join. Communist Party is the world organization as a branch of the Third International, as both a national revolution is now also the world so that the Chinese Communists and the KMT can play the third international liaison and linkage between the role. Sun have promised to retain their membership in the Third International.
zhao assured delegates that the Communists to participate in the KMT the above-board behavior, not a conspiracy sneaky move. those reasons should be subject to discipline in the party. We are all comrades who hope to our ancestors, the party promised us not only to participate, that do not have to happen for us to suspicion, to be in the control. hh only suspicion control, real-oriented obstacles to the party promising, almost definitely not be modified without the date of the party clearly expose and eliminate it. from this past, our ancestors are all comrades of the day to work long, we in this behavior and attitudes in the party, when can levy experience we dedicate to the cause of national revolution, that is loyal to the party, I wish all our ancestors guide and support the teaching of Comrade. Wang made a very telling point: Since the anarchists joined the KMT allowed, how do not allow party members? He mentioned the three famous anarchists: Wu Chih-hui, Li Shih-tseng, and Zhang. Some representative said that as long as the Sun Yat-sen and the Communist party is satisfied with this, there is no reason to fear that they join the KMT. Finally, a show of hands, whether the tactic of the motion.
However, abnormal deformity of the state still exists. Kuomintang Constitution provides for a secret , is the practice of Bolsheviks as a model. The Chinese Communist Party under the leadership of a KMT to win control of the union very similar to the plan. in the work of the Communists and the Kuomintang Youth League, must comply with strict and uniform discipline. Thus, in this same time, the KMT plans to infiltrate the form of disciplined group to other groups, the Chinese Communist Party is also using the same strategy to penetrate the Kuomintang!
Zhongshan nominated by the 24-member Central Executive Committee Members. Kuomintang at prestigious veteran, the infiltrated three party members: Tan Pingshan, Li Dazhao and the Shuter. proposed by Sun Yat-sen in the 17 Central Executive Committee Alternate Seven of Communists: Shen-yi, Lin Zuhan, Mao Zedong, in the Ark, Qu, Han Lin Fu and Chang Kuo-tao. selected 10 party members joined the KMT's highest executive body, means: to give young leaders, Sun Yat-sen political affairs in the party have a minority voice in the grand vision of gas and confidence.
Central Committee members back to their residence, to establish the party's local executive department to oversee the provinces and major cities in the party's development work. Central Executive Committee elected a three-member panel's daily routines: Zhongkai, Dai and Tan Pingshan mm three were left. They also decided to establish some central institutions, and assigned ministers. the salient features of the central institutions, the Left Party members in particular plays a key role. Communists Tan Pingshan, led the management of KMT members and approval of the party's branches at all levels of the Organization Department; responsible for another party member Lin Zuhan Department of farmers; Kuomintang led the workers left the Ministry of Zhongkai. Each department is the secretary of Communist Party members, they were safe Yang Pao, surging and Feng Ju slope and so on. (Wei, pages 248-251)
(b) on the Communist Party in the debate on the issue within the KMT caucus
1924 年 5 months, the activities of the KMT party members the way for more widespread and strong protest. When the KMT members found Communist Brochure: June 1923 and August of three Communist Youth League's second largest by the thank members of the Central Committee held. According to records, a KMT member to participate in the Communist Party held to thank the Socialist Youth League to produce a enlarged meeting of the Committee reports and resolutions adopted by the.
center; by the Kuomintang in Shanghai, the work of the Youth Department, of the Federation. On the KMT Youth League members in the work attitude of the resolution to remind: the KMT's top organizations, the Youth League members to oppose unnecessary contradiction or conflict. Then In this publicity publishing, people's organizations and other practical exercise, where on the national revolution should be the name of the Kuomintang,
classified as the KMT's work. This is due to: (a) can reduce the human and financial resources; (b) allow the KMT easy-to-development; (c) make all efforts to expand
momentum compared with the effect, and concentrated. but we think necessary items, while the KMT will not use the activities in its name, is still an independent party as the
activities.
(8) organizations in the development of the KMT, the party on the development of this, of course, can not stop. But introduces new elements added to the party, it must
very carefully chosen, where for the party doctrine of non- , strategy and party discipline to fully understand, a sincere person willing to serve the party, not lightly to join.
not sound elements added lightly, we intend not only got me to the KMT misunderstanding of their members, and gradually make the party organization relaxation disorders.
(Wei, pages 291-293)
how to master the Communists committed to using the KMT after the intelligence and related activities, Xie and Zhang held early in June to Guangzhou, the Sun Yat-sen and other KMT leaders impeachment in front of the Communist Party.
At the same time, the CCP leaders are also considering measures to re-.5 On 10 April, held in Shanghai, the central secret of the enlarged meeting of the plenary session, in view of , re-provision the Communists in the role of other parties. the struggle between the Communists and called for strengthening the work of left-wing forces. Party members must warned that arrange for their own party members in order to promote the Suo business to go. the majority of party members should focus, in the workers, peasants, young intellectuals to work in order to expand the impact of the Communist Party and the organization. (Wei, page 294)
protest against the Communist leaders in the KMT organizations established within the KMT caucus, Chen argued that the establishment of caucus organization was intended to guide the Communist Party comrades, to comply with resolutions of the KMT and discipline, positive work; not to fight their power within the KMT, downtown faction and engage in other non- things conducive to the KMT. Chen said with emotion, if he is the Kuomintang, but also against the CCP's caucus organization approach. individual leaders to protest the KMT, he shall not be taken lightly. However, Chen and Chang Kuo-tao after lengthy discussion concluded that the Communist Party dissolved the KMT, it is surely not acceptable; abandon established within the KMT caucus in the way the organization is not acceptable. or default Communist Kuomintang continued existence of the party organizations, or the Communist Party as early as possible withdraw from the Kuomintang, in the future to find another party and party co-operation. (Wei, page 295)
6 1 March, members of the KMT party headquarters in Guangzhou and yellow quarter of Sun Lu suggested that the Communist Party headquarters should be limited to encouraging unrest. Zhang in Guangzhou a speech, will be made public .6 14 contradictions, Xie support to the Central Executive Committee of a draft report presented to .6 18, such as the Central Monitoring Committee DENG Ze, Zhang and Xie support to the KMT Central Executive Committee of the Prime Minister and the present the official , all of which the date of signing, are later than zhao First Congress of the Kuomintang made the statement: the Communist Party joined the KMT is no hidden agenda. impeached last excerpt from the book zhao comments to the Congress the text book and malicious manner and the Communist Party and Youth League of secret documents were compared. (Wei, page 296)
the opinions of impeachment were restrained by the moderate gradually began intense. In their view, definitely not suitable for the party in the party, The caucus organization is such a performance. Communist defraud the Prime Minister, in order to attract buyers of its plans. impeached who have charged that the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Socialist Youth League members, only joined the party of all, advocate for the current situation of the Communist Party, and for strengthening the party. organizations to use printed materials to the KMT's attempt to promote themselves and practices, for example, promotional materials into the KMT Central Executive Committee member appointed in key positions of a firm's non-minority; pointed out the students, youth, women, workers, farmers in all aspects, the two parties are actually working in the same front, the fact; particularly unusual is that the KMT sent Organization party of the commissioner, there were real communist party in the majority. out of fear of the future fate of the KMT, DENG Ze eg, Zhang, Xie argued for the Central Executive Committee, made the fundamental solution. (Wei, pages 296-297)
June 25, Xie held, Zhang met with the Borodin, the two sides heated debate. protest against the Chinese, Borodin argued that inner-party struggle is to strengthen the center of the KMT and the formation of a strong group means. He said, Third International decided to only use the Kuomintang Chinese National Revolutionary party platform, if there are any party members who do not must abide by the order is considered violation of orders. He warned that Marxism and the KMT is still the same, separated only strength was the revolution, the future will be negative. China policy, will be joining the Chinese Communists about the KMT to manipulate, not support. If so, why still need a separate Communist Party? he replied:
KMT cadres not to organize the central well, can not command all party members, but also failed to question the relationship between the national best, and always have advocated. Communist
own organization can not be canceled. Kuomintang by majority resolution is free to expel Communists from the party, but do not want to do so. (Wei, page 299)
the outcome of the talks who is also did not give up their positions. Borodin and the Russian co-operation seems to speak very clear terms: Party members must stay within the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to maintain an independent organization.
7 3 May, the KMT Central Executive Committee of the Fourth meeting, adopted a resolution, although attached to the impeachment book, but insisted the original proposal remain unchanged: do not belong to any school regardless of their past, are treated according to party members. a violation of the General Assembly Declaration and platforms who are able to discipline the party of justice. Party comrades no doubt, still according to the preceding struggle. The Commission also issued a declaration, the tone of persuasion to induce repeated the position. (Wei, pages 299-300)
but a piece of paper criticized the Universal Declaration did not silence the voice of protest. Beijing is clearly exacerbated by the news that kinds of contradictions: the KMT party members, tried to and Beijing, the KMT grassroots organizations in different, or the Central Executive Committee were sent to the Sun Yat-sen was the case of 15 anti-Communist Flag .7 6, set up at the party headquarters in Guangzhou, Zhang published an anti-communist speech re Shensan Min Wang Marxism is the only theory to refute the arguments of certain Communist .8, Guangzhou and Macao have sent hundreds of people signed the case report, asked Sun to weed out Communists from the KMT. (Wei, pages 300-301 )
(c) temporarily quell the dispute
the KMT Central Executive Committee on August 15 to 22 for five days between the opening plenary session, August 19,20 and 21, the meeting discussed the Communist Party in the KMT problems. In the first meeting, the Central Committee Zhang explains the purport of the book of impeachment, and presented his view that the Central Executive Committee members must pay attention to the seven points.'s position on behalf of the Communist Party spokesman Qu, He started the nature of Marxism, Marxism and the Three People's Principles that whether there is cooperation possible; in the organization, the KMT has the necessary capacity of the Communist Party of cooperation. Then he organized for the role of the so-called caucus suspected problem, expressed their views. He bluntly , since the existence of a Communist Party outside the KMT, the KMT can not make the same action without the Communist Party. substantive issues should be: whether their actions violated the party's declaration and the constitution of the party. If a violation of their personal qualifications to join the KMT not only to have the discipline to justice the Kuomintang. If the session decided the country, a total separation, then, can greatly to say that the Communist Party caucus organization development sufficient to erode the Kuomintang. ... If, regardless of
mm biography of Sun Yat-sen on the two study notes
EXAMINATION
cause. The first KMT-CPC cooperation and division, the future direction of the two parties as well as the fate of Chinese history, had a huge and deep impact, and even a threat to the political situation in China today. explore the motivation for the beginning of bipartisan cooperation , friction and calm during the production of summing up the historical lessons from our mistakes in order to promote the healthy development of the two parties, when there is a certain sense.
Professor Shi Fulin of rearranged related discourse, trying to tease out a KMT-CPC cooperation to friction and eventually led to the split context.
a motive
(a) of the Sun and the KMT
1, the need of the revitalization of the KMT .
that time, the backbone around the Sun during the Revolution, such as Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren and so on are successively dying, young Zhu Zhixin killed pass away, the Republic of complex political situation even worse, the revolutionary party in the political race in a distinct disadvantage. In particular, in June 1922, Sun Yat-sen Chen relied on the revolutionary rebellion, Shanghai and Guangzhou, two cities to carry out regular and meaningful work. hh Sun Yat-sen is not a particularly effective organization workers, when he was busy in Guangzhou, when the government, appeared to ignore party's favor. (Wei , pages 216-217)
Sun Yat-sen led the October Revolution from the Bolshevik success and victory in the establishment of Soviet power, had learned the consistency of the failure for his thought, one of the founding of political parties model. He believes that a large number of Soviet Russia information revolution can learn from the experience. He hopes to help the Communist Party of the Zhongshan praised the achievements of Soviet Russia. He admired the discipline of Russian Communists, in particular the leadership of the armed forces the envy of the party. especially when the revolution led by Sun Yat-sen became the a large army is the protection of the Soviet Revolution. (history, page 201)
1923 年 11 25, Sun Yat-sen to the party comrades gave a lecture that the main purpose of the reorganization, aiming at the The party's influence extended to the provinces in Mainland China, while the party does not rely on military force alone, but rely on the strength of the party itself. In the past, why the KMT fail? because the party lacks a model and a precedent, and now we have made from the Russian Revolution these things. .
Previously, Sun Yat-sen repeated cold foreign powers, the Soviet Union turn to new country assistance. While Guangzhou and Russia are far apart geographically, but the Sun fantasy, through the support of his military forces and Russian Red Army in the joint efforts of the Chinese Army to recover in Beijing. (Wei, page 145) Sun also believe that if the Communist Party of their own careers is developed, it will become a rival for Soviet aid. And if he does not cooperate with the Communists, Russia will choose another candidate as those who like Chen. Sun exclusive Soviet assistance to the arms, money, and sent a consultant, as he make his own party to become the most important revolution of the vehicle and his vision The Department of State in the political tutelage of administrative powers only temporarily, like. the more he understood the victory of the Bolsheviks, the more determined to implement the one-party dictatorship of the plan. (history, page 189-190)
but Sun Yat-sen and Soviet Union, Communist China cooperation is not without reservations. early conversation with Lu Zou, he said, , drive straight to the Soviet Union and the. the situation is. Argentina's radical redistribution of land request. (history, page 207)
1923 年 5 months, Sun warned at the moment is teaching him how to reorganizing the Kuomintang's Ma Lin: To expel them; Soviet Communists, if the side stand, I will oppose the Soviet Union. hope to catch up, and urgently seek Russia's help, but his purpose and Russia, Communist leaders whose purpose is different interesting. (Wei, page 212)
(b) aspects of the Chinese Communists and the Soviet Union
Although the beginning, the Communist Party does not attach importance to Sun Yat-sen and his party, some people even suspect that their cooperation is worthwhile. However, by the united front, not only to obtain a greater range of activities, but also benefited from the KMT reputation and better social status. At this point the number of less than 300 Communist Party, the KMT in the country is officially at least several thousand members, the students and the trade unions in Guangzhou and many more sympathizers. the Communist Party finds that the KMT was the only number of reputation is the main asset of the KMT. Comintern that the Sun is expected to become a submissive ally. (history, page 189)
1923 At the beginning of the Comintern leadership decided, should be seen as the Kuomintang and Sun Yat-sen led the Chinese National Revolutionary Movement outstanding candidates, they are ready to conditionally support the Sun. He must transform his party, a clear goal of the party so opposed to imperialism, to allow the Communists to work within the Kuomintang in order to organize from a mass proletarian revolutionary movement. (Wei, page 211)
Borodin praised the potential of the KMT, although it However, this situation will come, and coming. kinds of fighting spirit and national organizations. so to make this party possible that China is rapidly awakening from the great spirit of nationalism, drawing more power. conditions, rooted in the kinds of semi-colonial status, workers would have no hope to achieve their goals. questions about the well-known national and colonial theory that the backward colonial countries in the Communist Party can participate in the national revolutionary movement, but must maintain and strengthen their own independent organization, in order to facilitate preparing to launch a proletarian socialist revolution. Communist leaders in the reluctantly agreed to join his party is leading the national revolutionary movement, while the KMT to convey instilled such a strategy. (Wei, page 290)
1922 年 11 months, the Communist International held in Moscow in the Fourth Congress of the Communist Party explained the purpose of joining the KMT. A representative of China boasted: International Executive Committee decided: CPC resolution of the three most recent follow the Communist International, to further define: the increase in the transformation of the Communist Party of the Kuomintang forces at the same time. (history, page 198)
1923 年 10 held on 17 May, including the most prominent communists, Socialist Youth League and union leaders attended the meeting, Borodin said: the growth and expansion. (Grove, p. 223)
visible, Borodin openly advocated that the KMT by making the combat more nationalistic approach to the restructuring of the revitalization of the KMT, the KMT under the leadership of such nationalist struggle and the workers sports cooperation; and he and his comrades more sensitive to talk about is the ultimate goal is to strengthen the power of the Communist Party. (Wei, page 223).
Second, friction
(a) of the party platform on the Constitution the beginning of the debate
KMT-CPC cooperation have given rise to friction. Kuomintang Communist Party of the old comrades suspected of using only the name of the KMT. overseas Chinese to refer to Sun Yat-sen whether the reorganization was to change the Communist Party of the Kuomintang, and if so, they will quit the party. (Grove, p. 244)
serious challenge to the KMT for the first time in December 1923, led by the Kuomintang DENG Ze such as the 11 Division in Guangdong Province leaders presented a submission to the Sun, charged that the Constitution and the constitution, the draft platform, etc., from Borodin's planned implementation of multi-conductor, and these policies is based on the Communist Party before this opinion Chen's decision. They sued, Chen came forward through the activities of his followers, he himself is behind the scenes pull strings. They attacked Chen and Sun Yat-sen before the theories of contempt, but now it has led his gang members, the group ran to go, join the KMT. This is a conspiracy: the shell by the Kuomintang, the Communist Party into the soul. and predicted that the new electoral law by the KMT, he wrote, the new draft constitution, He stated the success of the Russian Revolution the Chinese revolution failed because the KMT is still unknown member of the Three People's Principles had. )
Sun wrote, mocking Three Principles of the young communists, the worship of the Russian Revolution of wrangling over when the believers. tried exclusion and discredit the KMT swept the monopoly because they need the friendship of Russia and to prevent the Russians and I party contact, listen to his manipulation. he presented to impeach the book to ensure the protesters, the leaders of Russia is a rich background, there are caucus work experience, they will not be such juvenile by the ignorance and Kuipo their tricks. awakening many people to join our party. I doubtless abandon.
our revolution to the countries that are not happy to learn, try to help me who to fight against my party. Therefore, the national capital is absolutely no sympathy in my party. The sympathetic look,
only Russia and the oppressed of the oppressed countries and peoples. The Russians contact me also the meaning of non-Chen, is also Russian automatic. If I was
Chen and even suspected and Russia, is the plan for the middle of Chen, And He Dezhi carry. hh
1924 年 1 month, the KMT Borodin will argue in a special declaration to include the following: confiscation of large landowners of the land, not property confiscated the land where the landlord lived, and the allocation of land to tenant farmers. Sun Yat-sen was not persuaded, and he even opposed the Declaration appear in this section: Request that the KMT, it is necessary and other oppressed countries, the national revolutionary movement against imperialism united front, and revolutionary movement suspicion because of their misinterpretation of Livelihood. Livelihood essentially includes the theory of socialism, and socialism in turn includes a lower-level set of communism and the communist theory. in the Kuomintang and communist doctrine and between No big difference. Russia today is not the practice of communism, seen in her true effectiveness of the policy, but a livelihood policies. If you understand these principles, new and old comrades can dispel misunderstandings doubt. (Wei, page 245) < br> That being said, to January 23, of the organization he proposes to the National Government's program. According to Borodin's records, from overseas branches of the party's representative produced, officials, businessmen and landlords (Borodin see them as villains rogue) do everything possible to persuade the Sun Yat-sen originally intended to give a declaration. Borodin to try to persuade him to, and use fear Shulman Minister Sun leaked transcript of fear, and ultimately persuaded the Sun. Sun Yat-sen President of the Assembly the same day the pro, and The first voted in favor. declaration adopted. (Wei, page 246)
[U.S.] Schiffrin of 1996 edition.
[U.S.] Wei Muting the KMT and become a KMT member, .1 24, Shanghai Representative He Shizhen to the Review Committee recommended that the new Constitution with a Bill to prohibit the KMT party members also belong to another party .1 28, when the constitution is about to deliver the General Assembly vote, Guangzhou Representative Fangrui Lin added a recommendation: , with great sincerity, humility and courtesy of euphemism terms, the KMT's , as only the Kuomintang called this task, therefore, resolutely decided to join the KMT party members, it engage in the national revolution under the leadership of the struggle. the reason they joined the KMT, is contributing to the KMT came, God forbid, by the KMT in the name of the movement comes as the Communist Party. They joined the KMT, in an individual capacity, not as a political party to join. Communist Party is the world organization as a branch of the Third International, as both a national revolution is now also the world so that the Chinese Communists and the KMT can play the third international liaison and linkage between the role. Sun have promised to retain their membership in the Third International.
zhao assured delegates that the Communists to participate in the KMT the above-board behavior, not a conspiracy sneaky move. those reasons should be subject to discipline in the party. We are all comrades who hope to our ancestors, the party promised us not only to participate, that do not have to happen for us to suspicion, to be in the control. hh only suspicion control, real-oriented obstacles to the party promising, almost definitely not be modified without the date of the party clearly expose and eliminate it. from this past, our ancestors are all comrades of the day to work long, we in this behavior and attitudes in the party, when can levy experience we dedicate to the cause of national revolution, that is loyal to the party, I wish all our ancestors guide and support the teaching of Comrade. Wang made a very telling point: Since the anarchists joined the KMT allowed, how do not allow party members? He mentioned the three famous anarchists: Wu Chih-hui, Li Shih-tseng, and Zhang. Some representative said that as long as the Sun Yat-sen and the Communist party is satisfied with this, there is no reason to fear that they join the KMT. Finally, a show of hands, whether the tactic of the motion.
However, abnormal deformity of the state still exists. Kuomintang Constitution provides for a secret , is the practice of Bolsheviks as a model. The Chinese Communist Party under the leadership of a KMT to win control of the union very similar to the plan. in the work of the Communists and the Kuomintang Youth League, must comply with strict and uniform discipline. Thus, in this same time, the KMT plans to infiltrate the form of disciplined group to other groups, the Chinese Communist Party is also using the same strategy to penetrate the Kuomintang!
Zhongshan nominated by the 24-member Central Executive Committee Members. Kuomintang at prestigious veteran, the infiltrated three party members: Tan Pingshan, Li Dazhao and the Shuter. proposed by Sun Yat-sen in the 17 Central Executive Committee Alternate Seven of Communists: Shen-yi, Lin Zuhan, Mao Zedong, in the Ark, Qu, Han Lin Fu and Chang Kuo-tao. selected 10 party members joined the KMT's highest executive body, means: to give young leaders, Sun Yat-sen political affairs in the party have a minority voice in the grand vision of gas and confidence.
Central Committee members back to their residence, to establish the party's local executive department to oversee the provinces and major cities in the party's development work. Central Executive Committee elected a three-member panel's daily routines: Zhongkai, Dai and Tan Pingshan mm three were left. They also decided to establish some central institutions, and assigned ministers. the salient features of the central institutions, the Left Party members in particular plays a key role. Communists Tan Pingshan, led the management of KMT members and approval of the party's branches at all levels of the Organization Department; responsible for another party member Lin Zuhan Department of farmers; Kuomintang led the workers left the Ministry of Zhongkai. Each department is the secretary of Communist Party members, they were safe Yang Pao, surging and Feng Ju slope and so on. (Wei, pages 248-251)
(b) on the Communist Party in the debate on the issue within the KMT caucus
1924 年 5 months, the activities of the KMT party members the way for more widespread and strong protest. When the KMT members found Communist Brochure: June 1923 and August of three Communist Youth League's second largest by the thank members of the Central Committee held. According to records, a KMT member to participate in the Communist Party held to thank the Socialist Youth League to produce a enlarged meeting of the Committee reports and resolutions adopted by the.
center; by the Kuomintang in Shanghai, the work of the Youth Department, of the Federation. On the KMT Youth League members in the work attitude of the resolution to remind: the KMT's top organizations, the Youth League members to oppose unnecessary contradiction or conflict. Then In this publicity publishing, people's organizations and other practical exercise, where on the national revolution should be the name of the Kuomintang,
classified as the KMT's work. This is due to: (a) can reduce the human and financial resources; (b) allow the KMT easy-to-development; (c) make all efforts to expand
momentum compared with the effect, and concentrated. but we think necessary items, while the KMT will not use the activities in its name, is still an independent party as the
activities.
(8) organizations in the development of the KMT, the party on the development of this, of course, can not stop. But introduces new elements added to the party, it must
very carefully chosen, where for the party doctrine of non- , strategy and party discipline to fully understand, a sincere person willing to serve the party, not lightly to join.
not sound elements added lightly, we intend not only got me to the KMT misunderstanding of their members, and gradually make the party organization relaxation disorders.
(Wei, pages 291-293)
how to master the Communists committed to using the KMT after the intelligence and related activities, Xie and Zhang held early in June to Guangzhou, the Sun Yat-sen and other KMT leaders impeachment in front of the Communist Party.
At the same time, the CCP leaders are also considering measures to re-.5 On 10 April, held in Shanghai, the central secret of the enlarged meeting of the plenary session, in view of , re-provision the Communists in the role of other parties. the struggle between the Communists and called for strengthening the work of left-wing forces. Party members must warned that arrange for their own party members in order to promote the Suo business to go. the majority of party members should focus, in the workers, peasants, young intellectuals to work in order to expand the impact of the Communist Party and the organization. (Wei, page 294)
protest against the Communist leaders in the KMT organizations established within the KMT caucus, Chen argued that the establishment of caucus organization was intended to guide the Communist Party comrades, to comply with resolutions of the KMT and discipline, positive work; not to fight their power within the KMT, downtown faction and engage in other non- things conducive to the KMT. Chen said with emotion, if he is the Kuomintang, but also against the CCP's caucus organization approach. individual leaders to protest the KMT, he shall not be taken lightly. However, Chen and Chang Kuo-tao after lengthy discussion concluded that the Communist Party dissolved the KMT, it is surely not acceptable; abandon established within the KMT caucus in the way the organization is not acceptable. or default Communist Kuomintang continued existence of the party organizations, or the Communist Party as early as possible withdraw from the Kuomintang, in the future to find another party and party co-operation. (Wei, page 295)
6 1 March, members of the KMT party headquarters in Guangzhou and yellow quarter of Sun Lu suggested that the Communist Party headquarters should be limited to encouraging unrest. Zhang in Guangzhou a speech, will be made public .6 14 contradictions, Xie support to the Central Executive Committee of a draft report presented to .6 18, such as the Central Monitoring Committee DENG Ze, Zhang and Xie support to the KMT Central Executive Committee of the Prime Minister and the present the official , all of which the date of signing, are later than zhao First Congress of the Kuomintang made the statement: the Communist Party joined the KMT is no hidden agenda. impeached last excerpt from the book zhao comments to the Congress the text book and malicious manner and the Communist Party and Youth League of secret documents were compared. (Wei, page 296)
the opinions of impeachment were restrained by the moderate gradually began intense. In their view, definitely not suitable for the party in the party, The caucus organization is such a performance. Communist defraud the Prime Minister, in order to attract buyers of its plans. impeached who have charged that the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Socialist Youth League members, only joined the party of all, advocate for the current situation of the Communist Party, and for strengthening the party. organizations to use printed materials to the KMT's attempt to promote themselves and practices, for example, promotional materials into the KMT Central Executive Committee member appointed in key positions of a firm's non-minority; pointed out the students, youth, women, workers, farmers in all aspects, the two parties are actually working in the same front, the fact; particularly unusual is that the KMT sent Organization party of the commissioner, there were real communist party in the majority. out of fear of the future fate of the KMT, DENG Ze eg, Zhang, Xie argued for the Central Executive Committee, made the fundamental solution. (Wei, pages 296-297)
June 25, Xie held, Zhang met with the Borodin, the two sides heated debate. protest against the Chinese, Borodin argued that inner-party struggle is to strengthen the center of the KMT and the formation of a strong group means. He said, Third International decided to only use the Kuomintang Chinese National Revolutionary party platform, if there are any party members who do not must abide by the order is considered violation of orders. He warned that Marxism and the KMT is still the same, separated only strength was the revolution, the future will be negative. China policy, will be joining the Chinese Communists about the KMT to manipulate, not support. If so, why still need a separate Communist Party? he replied:
KMT cadres not to organize the central well, can not command all party members, but also failed to question the relationship between the national best, and always have advocated. Communist
own organization can not be canceled. Kuomintang by majority resolution is free to expel Communists from the party, but do not want to do so. (Wei, page 299)
the outcome of the talks who is also did not give up their positions. Borodin and the Russian co-operation seems to speak very clear terms: Party members must stay within the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to maintain an independent organization.
7 3 May, the KMT Central Executive Committee of the Fourth meeting, adopted a resolution, although attached to the impeachment book, but insisted the original proposal remain unchanged: do not belong to any school regardless of their past, are treated according to party members. a violation of the General Assembly Declaration and platforms who are able to discipline the party of justice. Party comrades no doubt, still according to the preceding struggle. The Commission also issued a declaration, the tone of persuasion to induce repeated the position. (Wei, pages 299-300)
but a piece of paper criticized the Universal Declaration did not silence the voice of protest. Beijing is clearly exacerbated by the news that kinds of contradictions: the KMT party members, tried to and Beijing, the KMT grassroots organizations in different, or the Central Executive Committee were sent to the Sun Yat-sen was the case of 15 anti-Communist Flag .7 6, set up at the party headquarters in Guangzhou, Zhang published an anti-communist speech re Shensan Min Wang Marxism is the only theory to refute the arguments of certain Communist .8, Guangzhou and Macao have sent hundreds of people signed the case report, asked Sun to weed out Communists from the KMT. (Wei, pages 300-301 )
(c) temporarily quell the dispute
the KMT Central Executive Committee on August 15 to 22 for five days between the opening plenary session, August 19,20 and 21, the meeting discussed the Communist Party in the KMT problems. In the first meeting, the Central Committee Zhang explains the purport of the book of impeachment, and presented his view that the Central Executive Committee members must pay attention to the seven points.'s position on behalf of the Communist Party spokesman Qu, He started the nature of Marxism, Marxism and the Three People's Principles that whether there is cooperation possible; in the organization, the KMT has the necessary capacity of the Communist Party of cooperation. Then he organized for the role of the so-called caucus suspected problem, expressed their views. He bluntly , since the existence of a Communist Party outside the KMT, the KMT can not make the same action without the Communist Party. substantive issues should be: whether their actions violated the party's declaration and the constitution of the party. If a violation of their personal qualifications to join the KMT not only to have the discipline to justice the Kuomintang. If the session decided the country, a total separation, then, can greatly to say that the Communist Party caucus organization development sufficient to erode the Kuomintang. ... If, regardless of
Monday, December 20, 2010
University, what read what (2)
Time students. ; Mentor Each student focused when there is not much difference between subjects, even if the side branches, the sciences is very unlikely to give up physics, liberal arts school will not have wasted history. However, the process of university everybody has the energy may be placed in different places. In addition to the common English Test to meet with a professional who may be completely different direction in the study. For example, the same Department of Chinese students, some may study Ailing, some people may prefer Shen, and perhaps some people will use for a long time to study science humor. This has further led to the side of each of the students need to learn. Meanwhile, different people will get from various teachers knowledge among students equivalent to an indirect exchange of naturally get from other teachers knowledge.
a college student in our class was prevalent argument in the breeze. This is in the 80 years the university can be described as common, but in today's University, is rare. Only 32 students in our class, but in many classroom course always to the problem, large or small war of words each side divided into several camps. for the same problem, some students from a philosophical perspective to explain, some students demonstrated from the perspective of law, and some may simply from a mathematical angle. Russell, Dewey, Nietzsche, Hayek, Kundera, Radbruch, Zhu Suli, Qinglian hh different times of these different nationalities of people in different academic fields at the same time quoted by us. Although each human figure may prove the opposite point of view, but in such a debate in the process, we not only share their knowledge, but through debate thinking out of the spark of the collision, which for each person to develop the academic thinking undoubtedly played a positive role, and for work after graduation in the ability to analyze and solve problems is also of great help.
/ * 12 * / < br> also try not to make detours. no detours that shortcut. In order not to make detours at the beginning necessary to define their goals, and vowed to work towards this goal. no target bound to beat around the bush, the target may not be permanent but also still poles apart. lazy people who stoop we may
I have talked to a man described as a vivid example. He was obsessed with examination for graduate, ready to read to find the university lecturer Dr., sit safely live. To this end, he every day, carrying heavy study section of the guidance information to the library to study hall. senior year, he suddenly felt the civil service exam is more interesting, so instead of the civil service exam to go. for the government for one year, he found himself does not fit in the official development will resign to Shenzhen. Since then, he has gradually changed several jobs and still nothing.
to avoid detours, life planning has become essential to every thing a college student. Generally speaking, each person there after graduating from university three way choice: career, business, academic. In this project, I focus on these three aspects to talk about life planning. As for the rest of life planning point of view, I will be behind the project were described in .
competition. The academic major is the way to obtain a certain degree, in a certain academic attainments later, in university or other academic research institutions specializing in teaching and academic research. some of the technical staff member enterprise seems to be classified to the academic the ranks.
, of course, above this classification may not be in the logic will be comprehensive. There are some occupations, such as doctors, seem to be included in any of the three camps are a bit far-fetched. There are some occupations it seems can be grouped into more than one camp, such as the School's teachers, state-owned enterprise executives and so on. However, from the whole, this classification would be the logical starting point as the life planning is not only feasible, but necessary.
clarifies the above three career paths, the need to consider the issue placed before it: the fork in the road in this life, you will go from here? only first decide to do business, to consider an industry in which to do business, and only decided to do academic, and can better account of himself to continue to develop the field where is a professional.
emperor first is to become a military commissioner, but finally he accidentally to become the top leader of the Ming Dynasty. If his initial The goal is just to have a workshop, he might eventually become a ho business at most merchants only. or he may accomplish nothing, because people may not be suitable for an emperor to do business.
above on the classification of direction in life with Students formed based on professional categories ways of thinking different. any professional who may go down this road in any of the three. A Chinese department after graduation students may enter the government as a secretary, made a few years later an official plan Half the grade; companies are expected to enter all walks of life, into the television or newspapers, the time is ripe to open your own company when the boss; also be read and then read Dr. Masters, the last of a stay in a university teacher, several years after Qin literature as the domestic or people into the party and government organs or the military; some people have already read the Dr. probably stayed on to teach after graduation; there are some people, including me, in different companies in different industries in the region busy, in large and small between the business district and the office shuttle, run around with.
career: bright, thin ice
official standard in China for thousands of years consciousness
official standard is still deep-rooted sense, many parents will always want their children to read University went to an official, but what if the company into the work, it is simply a matter of shame.
I had a fellow student at Hunan Normal University, graduated to a district of Beijing, a labor camp when the civil service . The message quickly spread in his hometown, a radius of several kilometers of people know someone's children to a village in the central officer. Parents also so big feast, all sides seem to be related to him and so finally my life until eight have a relative, apply for civil servants CPPCC Hunan Province, as are the first written test and interview, the family that has certainly been no suspense, so my friend on an official in the province of the news soon spread like wildfire, many normal If the person less contact with his parents met on the road, and ran far will be all smiles attentions. Later, I the poor friend off in the final elimination of a physical examination, said that neighbors his home and clan cold up soon, occasionally mixed with some of gloating mockery.
those farmers in rural areas have such a strong sense of official standard, and students were eager to one day wield Megatron seems to be a minority party. college Among the students I met, there is a considerable portion of the such as active to join the party, held various positions and so on. to the time of graduation job, if military and political units like to come to the recruitment, almost equal to that scene is simply the train station when the spring. In the eve of my graduation, a province has Once the civil service recruitment, It was reported that many of our school over consecutive quarters is no light at night, because all the people inside the exam to the province.
Qingyang North Road Street office has an open recruitment director of community committees, Vice-chairmen and members, among those who apply to college students account for one third of the total number of .2003 in September, graduated from the Tsinghua University Department of Chinese, Hong Chen, stand out from the large number of candidates duly elected as Community Changsha Baisha Furui deputy director of neighborhood. And in Beijing, Shanghai and other cities a lot more prestigious universities to apply for a PhD position neighborhood.
the reaction from the media, people who praise for this phenomenon is basically the attitude of , that today's college students on the concept of employment has undergone tremendous change. However, why do not sense from the perspective of official standard interpretation? If these people to give up access to public security, customs and other opportunities for working in neighborhood units, then indeed the concept of employment has undergone tremendous changes. But if they could have access to high-paying jobs into the enterprise chosen to squeeze into the Civil Service to Qiaojiannaodai it? will not be entered because the moment it can not retreat provincial or customs find the second? This concept can also be said that the change of employment? If yes, then it is only becoming more and more changing the official standard.
/ * 13 * /
just to get a stable and decent work; some people to satisfy their own desire and desire for power; also to promotion and then some people get rich first and then seek to use the power to seek wealth and power greed. I had biggest dream was a student when a county magistrate, corruption, hundreds of millions, and raised a few pretty tame sweetheart. Of course, many people choose to do civil servants in order to better serve the people.
for these diverse I do not want too much motivation to comment on, just hope people remember impure motives serving the people who fully prepared to do, of course, the hands of the right to work better for the people, but, with the high price. a lot of corruption and eventually became a prisoner of the it: walked in the river, how can we not wet feet? Since wet feet, why not wash your feet? since washed their feet, why not take a bath? Since a shower, simply messing around meal. So, engage in the practice would lose his head with a. So, for those who want building socialism with Chinese characteristics to the great cause.
understand their motives to politicians and motivation for this full and careful consideration, it is particularly important. Shanghai International Studies University, a summer student named Li Style After graduation, when another round of written tests, oral interview and physical examination, and finally by the Shanghai Municipal People's Government, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Office and at the same time Unilever market acceptance. For this choice between two jobs, encourage imitation of the summer there is a way text:
For me personally, very lucky to Unilever and the Foreign Affairs Office has been accepted, and that the two units are from the ideal place for business and politics, which is my final choice is a big election mm in the end for the direction in business or politics, what I valued in the end. In this selection process, of course, need to refer to parents, elders, teachers say, but the key is to consider their own meditation. the analysis of their personality, Specialty and has been the ambition, I finally gave up the treatment of Unilever excellent promotion prospects and a bright, but he took to the Foreign Affairs Office, as determined to a party member in the diplomatic world for the country to do in Shanghai something, and really apply what they learn. And I am pleased that the choice of my parents and teachers has also been endorsed.
yourself this question when, in fact, that is, consider yourself in business or political motives. Although he did not tell us whether he chose politics because of what value, but at least we should be able to learn from him that: carefully weigh their own motivation and know what you really need, after, and then carefully make a decision.
/ * 14 * /
Some officials said the four basic skills
: If you are good for nothing, then go to an official right. Indeed, if politicians at all times to leave the political arena, I am afraid not much can be well, after all, not every politician is the same as Washington can do a farmer after his retirement. Well, what a useless person on what basis it can become an official? official also must have an official philosophy. Lizong Wu's thousand years of feudal bureaucratic philosophy to an extreme interpretation. thick skinned enough heart dark enough, you can go as officials. What a brilliant word ah! However, in the context of today's era, this get through it? for today's college students, if you want to choose career economy, which should have some conditions that do?
I think, first of all, or should have a certain competence. the process of ups and downs and not many places shows what his extraordinary competence, but let him first cast in official circles could not leave his fist can be studied at the university's financial knowledge.
followed and take the career path that requires relatively cheerful, outgoing personality. a dull person within a meteoric rise in official circles in order to be called absolutely a miracle that! abroad so, especially in China. I'm a college senior and a bit line of duty at the same time entered the school in Xiangtan City an administrative organ. schoolmates in university is very good, high scores on every test people to climb up to become starved for oxygen, who won the scholarship I am afraid that if enough crushed into a coin The young big cattle. The average senior in university, and no other attractions. Therefore, almost all teachers are optimistic and not optimistic about the brothers and sisters. But two years later, the fact that we had expected a harsh gave a slap in the face to fans: Fu Keji mingled senior cadres, and the line of duty before being organs and units of the machine inquire about graduation practice the matter, and cadres from the mouth has been a matter of interpretation: senior active and open, to quickly mix with others, in various places in the words and deeds are very decent, and the line of duty ineloquent with colleagues in the bureau relations have been lukewarm, with others at a time when people always ask first sentence she replied, without the knowledge of superiors who thought it was to inspect the.
third, Official person must have a certain shrewdness. This is particularly important. outspoken person, and my heart can not hide any secrets, I am afraid even being blocked into the officialdom have the.
Finally, politicians should have stock of the situation of ability to be able to certainty, see around corners, or in official circles I am afraid that it is easy to make some inappropriate judgments. to know most afraid of is that in revolution the wrong side ah. once soared to cement it. Later, Pittard Qiu failed in the political struggle, Zhu Huaijing because the wrong team, naturally become buried by Jo Peed. Although it is fiction, but it can be said is a typical lesson.
After reading these, if you still feel like the politics in politics and indeed more suitable, it may wish to accumulate capital for their own as soon as possible. join the party is an important step, but it is not not not join the party. Instead of competing with five hundred men to positions, such as talk to a person not to compete for a job yet. For students interested in politics, the truth of which should point to break it.
addition, as some students can actively position, the work of both exercise capacity, but also increase the chips in the resume, but also by students of the class of the platform to expand communication circle. For politicians, the social scene, but crucial.
If you want to go official, but your character and a far cry from these aspects of the above said, I advise you, re-planning your own life. But I never had official experience, has not yet joined the ranks of the ready, so these words in the above career of the students really ready to go the eyes may be too professional. If you really laughable, I can only apologize, and the name of the individual preparing the students to point to the official pale advice: When you official term time, please do not forget that every penny is in your hands with blood, sweat and tears to get to the taxpayers, and you have power of each of the pain affects the working class and moaning.
Scholarship: loneliness HAPPY
political career of their choice before the need to examine the motives, and especially in an academic way. Generally speaking,bailey UGG boots, the current students do choose to stay in school teachers often including the following types: first is because I like academic research, and be able to enjoy the solitude of academic and even bring itself necessarily poor; the second is that university teachers have a relatively stable income and high social status, hopes to teach in schools get a break now also appears to throw the jobs are not This job was almost over golden rice bowl, but certainly better than the iron rice bowl; third is more difficult because of the conditions of its own outside the campus to seek a satisfactory job, had the second best choice to stay in an ivory tower.
/ * 15 * /
who is very respected me, at least I do not have the courage, it now appears unlikely in this life and are eligible by. academic spirit of a nation a sense represents the conscience of this nation. Academic Although Like religion, not from the secular, but the academic spirit naturally with the hubbub and noise should be sufficient distance. It is difficult to imagine a disco High time to time people can devote themselves to study a thousand years ago in the Tang Dynasty traffic history, but also can not imagine a five-star hotels at every turn in a box in the balcony and a group of potbellied professor who Gongchoujiaocuo some will go to painstaking research about endangered animals.
So, in a sense, the real concentrated academic people and the world will always maintain a certain distance. is precisely because such a distance with the secular mind, the need to consider before selection of academic ability to bear their own loneliness, whether driving a car around in someone else willing to ride in the time laboratory research their topic. If you can do this, I hope you do not only professors, but I believe you can do a good professor.
However, China's academic and pulled away from the secular world too close, and even the world inside and outside the University with the removal of the wall and thoroughly fused together. Professor at the same time as the merchant, or become a politician. It makes part of the academic opportunists also gained a lot of speculation by economic or political the interests, but also for China's universities and academic circles throughout the people lost its rightful place and respect.
1998 100th anniversary of Peking University when the University invited the president of Tokyo, Japan to attend the celebration . The president of Peking University to attend the celebration, it was found sitting on their side, is also a Japanese, can not the Japanese president of a university, but simply an economic subsidy to Japanese businessmen over North . If this happens between the two Chinese university presidents will certainly cotton merchant with a view to the other side also to their own schools or scholarship funds for scientific research, however, not president of the University of Tokyo, but not with Japanese businessmen who cotton, and very angry that such a move North insult the sanctity of the academic.
in Japan, let alone a university president is more than a respectable businessman, is perhaps even more than the social status of the Prime Minister. Although the Japanese never want to reflect on his history, but their respect for the academic is I have to admire. In the North that the top Chinese universities, businessmen and university presidents can be not ourselves seriously, and also talk about what other people's respect? Thus, academic spirit into this transaction and the ultimate victims of the game.
Therefore, I hope the students can be determined in the academic field in such a very good social atmosphere in the stick to its principles, not because a little bit of money or the power of the temptation to give up his academic conscience. If this is not considered is not as soon as possible to continue into the academic circles. made a famous professor CPPCC members can certainly do it, but if you pay more attention to the title, in that case as early as possible in politics, saying that the CPPCC members are not allowed to make before you make a CPPCC chairman. Again, you do even after well-known scholars You can also moonlighting as the star as misappropriating around, but if you're more interested in money than academic, that it was business as quickly as possible, so that you may well live in the house before becoming well-known scholars on the BMW Open.
Recently, Professor of Law, like the famous legal case-specific expert opinion issued by the phenomenon of more and more common. The following passage is the blog of China (Blogchina) in a post about this.
2003 a day in summer , while in the capital partners of law firms Professor Wang as his five colleagues (all three institutions from the capital, for his customers (a real estate company) to provide legal advice. The real estate company indicated on the advertisement to be used to build the garage and green house, fierce clashes with the owners, the news media have reported the incident. In Professor Wang suggested, the real estate company decided to spend money on legal advice written by experts, to prepare for possible litigation.
experts door seated, real estate companies on the smiling young lady sent an envelope to each expert. In weigh the envelope of the moment, the experts decided what to say any more. lady told me take care of the boss again, the envelope must be handed in before the opening of experts, as long as experts before opening the envelope in his pocket, and everything has been fixed up.
the oldest, most white hair, the first expert to speak: know, in many cases, the plaintiff and defendant to find a well-known professor with the written legal opinion to the situation they found everywhere, they eat well-known professors are also accused the plaintiff to eat, but compared with the judge, they eat less a little bit.
most qualified incumbent upon the old man the first statement: expressed the consensus: According to China's existing laws, the real estate company to the original green to be used to build a house is neither illegal, nor breach of contract.
/ * 16 * /
asked: , good. surprising words: wave, signed his name mm which he made after the judge weigh the envelope. In the most qualified man's lead, the other four experts generously signed. write a single word in the legal opinion of the situation, experts signatures has been completed.
After the meeting, Professor Wang told me: advocate multi-master! Professor Wang looked at me stunned look, sarcasm, said: The This article was originally online, no way to test authenticity, so you can not believe there is such a thing. However, today's scholars increasingly commercial'd indisputable fact. but I do not understand: these famous professors since the love academic rather than the love of money, then why do professors do? do a Professor of Law should be likened to earn more. And if you envy the professors to make money fast, if you are prepared to do the professor after the passage of the ways people become rich first, then you better consider doing business now, traders make money only natural, much more than glory in such a way, and earn much more money to have the same time, the Chinese academic sector is also a great blessing.
2004 年 10 months, the major Web sites have published an article entitled the most profound questions and launch an attack. The following is one paragraph:
can say unequivocally that, in all corners of China's academic circles, in any field, can be found, can be found in academic corruption. In fact, In many areas, academic corruption is simply not to look, it will be like latrine odor in the smoke blackening the sky, like nostrils. It is said that in China's academic circles, if you want to survive, you have to show 80% of the focus on interpersonal relationships. this white teeth to deceive, to fool the government and people, its daring, its unbridled, almost to the degree of anger. They what? because behind them is the corruption of the academic community as a whole. They corrupt forces doing my part to become the spokesman. < br> Perhaps this is inevitable some of the wording is too intense and extreme, but, for a people who really want to join the academic, this text is necessary to look carefully. If the full text of interest can easily be the Internet to find out. If you are still determined, after reading this article would like to join the academic, I have the courage to you my highest respect. but if you want to do an academic opportunists, want from the corruption fish in troubled waters in the academic environment, I advise you, make a fortune for a promotion right way.
/ * 17 * /
> academic independence
discussed above academic and economic relationships, can be incorporated into the context of academic independence, but in general, academic independence is academic independence from political ideology. University of independence and freedom of privilege by the indomitable struggle earned. all the old European universities, which have never experienced without the struggle for independence.
still in prototype phase of the University of Paris to fight in order to achieve autonomy, and countless students in the fight for independence and academic independence of universities even the process of blood sacrifice. then the other universities are beginning a long struggle. to the early 19th century, the University of Berlin as the representative to ; as the core of the not subject to any political and religious. independent and autonomous, open, tolerant, free exploration, the pursuit of truth, uphold the ideals, and the keeper of the traditional concept and the tension between frontier as agents of change, these factors finally become the basic characteristics of the modern university.
However, the traditional Chinese scholar is along the never been sought as a whole, the value of pursuing an independent.
Peking University as a pioneer of modern China, although early in the May Fourth Movement, and other times there have been few independent spirit of exploration, but its predecessor is China Two thousand years of history stretching Imperial College, and the 1898 establishment of the Imperial University, but also a political product. then North has repeatedly tried to put into the embrace of politics, after the liberation of active requests from the former Library Assistant Administrator own inscription, revolutionary vanguard later played the role of the Cultural Revolution, have all proved academic independence from the university has long way to go, from a real university has long way to go. Now there are some scholars and students of Beijing University has in-depth reflection of this problem, but from China University as a whole, the road is still far from academic independence began.
looks as if these words are very abstract macro, however, for the academic track of a determined people who are not but consider . When you really become a scholar and began his academic career, your conscience in the end is the subject of academic or subject to political reason? Although theoretically possible reason and political unity, but the reality is in many cases will you have to make choice. On this issue, I can not say more, only if you really want to choose the academic path, there must be brave enough to value their own inner criteria for doing so. Meanwhile, I wish you all the way!
shopping: everything is possible
few years ago, students had popular saying goes like this job: first-class talent to the agency, second-rate talents to foreign companies, third-rate talents to private enterprises. However, as China is growing from a center of politics society into an economic center of society, people who say this, fewer and fewer.
center of a social economy would mean in the entire social structure, in terms of business with respect to politics is the first and not second. In other words, Gates and Clinton ...
a college student in our class was prevalent argument in the breeze. This is in the 80 years the university can be described as common, but in today's University, is rare. Only 32 students in our class, but in many classroom course always to the problem, large or small war of words each side divided into several camps. for the same problem, some students from a philosophical perspective to explain, some students demonstrated from the perspective of law, and some may simply from a mathematical angle. Russell, Dewey, Nietzsche, Hayek, Kundera, Radbruch, Zhu Suli, Qinglian hh different times of these different nationalities of people in different academic fields at the same time quoted by us. Although each human figure may prove the opposite point of view, but in such a debate in the process, we not only share their knowledge, but through debate thinking out of the spark of the collision, which for each person to develop the academic thinking undoubtedly played a positive role, and for work after graduation in the ability to analyze and solve problems is also of great help.
/ * 12 * / < br> also try not to make detours. no detours that shortcut. In order not to make detours at the beginning necessary to define their goals, and vowed to work towards this goal. no target bound to beat around the bush, the target may not be permanent but also still poles apart. lazy people who stoop we may
I have talked to a man described as a vivid example. He was obsessed with examination for graduate, ready to read to find the university lecturer Dr., sit safely live. To this end, he every day, carrying heavy study section of the guidance information to the library to study hall. senior year, he suddenly felt the civil service exam is more interesting, so instead of the civil service exam to go. for the government for one year, he found himself does not fit in the official development will resign to Shenzhen. Since then, he has gradually changed several jobs and still nothing.
to avoid detours, life planning has become essential to every thing a college student. Generally speaking, each person there after graduating from university three way choice: career, business, academic. In this project, I focus on these three aspects to talk about life planning. As for the rest of life planning point of view, I will be behind the project were described in .
competition. The academic major is the way to obtain a certain degree, in a certain academic attainments later, in university or other academic research institutions specializing in teaching and academic research. some of the technical staff member enterprise seems to be classified to the academic the ranks.
, of course, above this classification may not be in the logic will be comprehensive. There are some occupations, such as doctors, seem to be included in any of the three camps are a bit far-fetched. There are some occupations it seems can be grouped into more than one camp, such as the School's teachers, state-owned enterprise executives and so on. However, from the whole, this classification would be the logical starting point as the life planning is not only feasible, but necessary.
clarifies the above three career paths, the need to consider the issue placed before it: the fork in the road in this life, you will go from here? only first decide to do business, to consider an industry in which to do business, and only decided to do academic, and can better account of himself to continue to develop the field where is a professional.
emperor first is to become a military commissioner, but finally he accidentally to become the top leader of the Ming Dynasty. If his initial The goal is just to have a workshop, he might eventually become a ho business at most merchants only. or he may accomplish nothing, because people may not be suitable for an emperor to do business.
above on the classification of direction in life with Students formed based on professional categories ways of thinking different. any professional who may go down this road in any of the three. A Chinese department after graduation students may enter the government as a secretary, made a few years later an official plan Half the grade; companies are expected to enter all walks of life, into the television or newspapers, the time is ripe to open your own company when the boss; also be read and then read Dr. Masters, the last of a stay in a university teacher, several years after Qin literature as the domestic or people into the party and government organs or the military; some people have already read the Dr. probably stayed on to teach after graduation; there are some people, including me, in different companies in different industries in the region busy, in large and small between the business district and the office shuttle, run around with.
career: bright, thin ice
official standard in China for thousands of years consciousness
official standard is still deep-rooted sense, many parents will always want their children to read University went to an official, but what if the company into the work, it is simply a matter of shame.
I had a fellow student at Hunan Normal University, graduated to a district of Beijing, a labor camp when the civil service . The message quickly spread in his hometown, a radius of several kilometers of people know someone's children to a village in the central officer. Parents also so big feast, all sides seem to be related to him and so finally my life until eight have a relative, apply for civil servants CPPCC Hunan Province, as are the first written test and interview, the family that has certainly been no suspense, so my friend on an official in the province of the news soon spread like wildfire, many normal If the person less contact with his parents met on the road, and ran far will be all smiles attentions. Later, I the poor friend off in the final elimination of a physical examination, said that neighbors his home and clan cold up soon, occasionally mixed with some of gloating mockery.
those farmers in rural areas have such a strong sense of official standard, and students were eager to one day wield Megatron seems to be a minority party. college Among the students I met, there is a considerable portion of the such as active to join the party, held various positions and so on. to the time of graduation job, if military and political units like to come to the recruitment, almost equal to that scene is simply the train station when the spring. In the eve of my graduation, a province has Once the civil service recruitment, It was reported that many of our school over consecutive quarters is no light at night, because all the people inside the exam to the province.
Qingyang North Road Street office has an open recruitment director of community committees, Vice-chairmen and members, among those who apply to college students account for one third of the total number of .2003 in September, graduated from the Tsinghua University Department of Chinese, Hong Chen, stand out from the large number of candidates duly elected as Community Changsha Baisha Furui deputy director of neighborhood. And in Beijing, Shanghai and other cities a lot more prestigious universities to apply for a PhD position neighborhood.
the reaction from the media, people who praise for this phenomenon is basically the attitude of , that today's college students on the concept of employment has undergone tremendous change. However, why do not sense from the perspective of official standard interpretation? If these people to give up access to public security, customs and other opportunities for working in neighborhood units, then indeed the concept of employment has undergone tremendous changes. But if they could have access to high-paying jobs into the enterprise chosen to squeeze into the Civil Service to Qiaojiannaodai it? will not be entered because the moment it can not retreat provincial or customs find the second? This concept can also be said that the change of employment? If yes, then it is only becoming more and more changing the official standard.
/ * 13 * /
just to get a stable and decent work; some people to satisfy their own desire and desire for power; also to promotion and then some people get rich first and then seek to use the power to seek wealth and power greed. I had biggest dream was a student when a county magistrate, corruption, hundreds of millions, and raised a few pretty tame sweetheart. Of course, many people choose to do civil servants in order to better serve the people.
for these diverse I do not want too much motivation to comment on, just hope people remember impure motives serving the people who fully prepared to do, of course, the hands of the right to work better for the people, but, with the high price. a lot of corruption and eventually became a prisoner of the it: walked in the river, how can we not wet feet? Since wet feet, why not wash your feet? since washed their feet, why not take a bath? Since a shower, simply messing around meal. So, engage in the practice would lose his head with a. So, for those who want building socialism with Chinese characteristics to the great cause.
understand their motives to politicians and motivation for this full and careful consideration, it is particularly important. Shanghai International Studies University, a summer student named Li Style After graduation, when another round of written tests, oral interview and physical examination, and finally by the Shanghai Municipal People's Government, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Office and at the same time Unilever market acceptance. For this choice between two jobs, encourage imitation of the summer there is a way text:
For me personally, very lucky to Unilever and the Foreign Affairs Office has been accepted, and that the two units are from the ideal place for business and politics, which is my final choice is a big election mm in the end for the direction in business or politics, what I valued in the end. In this selection process, of course, need to refer to parents, elders, teachers say, but the key is to consider their own meditation. the analysis of their personality, Specialty and has been the ambition, I finally gave up the treatment of Unilever excellent promotion prospects and a bright, but he took to the Foreign Affairs Office, as determined to a party member in the diplomatic world for the country to do in Shanghai something, and really apply what they learn. And I am pleased that the choice of my parents and teachers has also been endorsed.
yourself this question when, in fact, that is, consider yourself in business or political motives. Although he did not tell us whether he chose politics because of what value, but at least we should be able to learn from him that: carefully weigh their own motivation and know what you really need, after, and then carefully make a decision.
/ * 14 * /
Some officials said the four basic skills
: If you are good for nothing, then go to an official right. Indeed, if politicians at all times to leave the political arena, I am afraid not much can be well, after all, not every politician is the same as Washington can do a farmer after his retirement. Well, what a useless person on what basis it can become an official? official also must have an official philosophy. Lizong Wu's thousand years of feudal bureaucratic philosophy to an extreme interpretation. thick skinned enough heart dark enough, you can go as officials. What a brilliant word ah! However, in the context of today's era, this get through it? for today's college students, if you want to choose career economy, which should have some conditions that do?
I think, first of all, or should have a certain competence. the process of ups and downs and not many places shows what his extraordinary competence, but let him first cast in official circles could not leave his fist can be studied at the university's financial knowledge.
followed and take the career path that requires relatively cheerful, outgoing personality. a dull person within a meteoric rise in official circles in order to be called absolutely a miracle that! abroad so, especially in China. I'm a college senior and a bit line of duty at the same time entered the school in Xiangtan City an administrative organ. schoolmates in university is very good, high scores on every test people to climb up to become starved for oxygen, who won the scholarship I am afraid that if enough crushed into a coin The young big cattle. The average senior in university, and no other attractions. Therefore, almost all teachers are optimistic and not optimistic about the brothers and sisters. But two years later, the fact that we had expected a harsh gave a slap in the face to fans: Fu Keji mingled senior cadres, and the line of duty before being organs and units of the machine inquire about graduation practice the matter, and cadres from the mouth has been a matter of interpretation: senior active and open, to quickly mix with others, in various places in the words and deeds are very decent, and the line of duty ineloquent with colleagues in the bureau relations have been lukewarm, with others at a time when people always ask first sentence she replied, without the knowledge of superiors who thought it was to inspect the.
third, Official person must have a certain shrewdness. This is particularly important. outspoken person, and my heart can not hide any secrets, I am afraid even being blocked into the officialdom have the.
Finally, politicians should have stock of the situation of ability to be able to certainty, see around corners, or in official circles I am afraid that it is easy to make some inappropriate judgments. to know most afraid of is that in revolution the wrong side ah. once soared to cement it. Later, Pittard Qiu failed in the political struggle, Zhu Huaijing because the wrong team, naturally become buried by Jo Peed. Although it is fiction, but it can be said is a typical lesson.
After reading these, if you still feel like the politics in politics and indeed more suitable, it may wish to accumulate capital for their own as soon as possible. join the party is an important step, but it is not not not join the party. Instead of competing with five hundred men to positions, such as talk to a person not to compete for a job yet. For students interested in politics, the truth of which should point to break it.
addition, as some students can actively position, the work of both exercise capacity, but also increase the chips in the resume, but also by students of the class of the platform to expand communication circle. For politicians, the social scene, but crucial.
If you want to go official, but your character and a far cry from these aspects of the above said, I advise you, re-planning your own life. But I never had official experience, has not yet joined the ranks of the ready, so these words in the above career of the students really ready to go the eyes may be too professional. If you really laughable, I can only apologize, and the name of the individual preparing the students to point to the official pale advice: When you official term time, please do not forget that every penny is in your hands with blood, sweat and tears to get to the taxpayers, and you have power of each of the pain affects the working class and moaning.
Scholarship: loneliness HAPPY
political career of their choice before the need to examine the motives, and especially in an academic way. Generally speaking,bailey UGG boots, the current students do choose to stay in school teachers often including the following types: first is because I like academic research, and be able to enjoy the solitude of academic and even bring itself necessarily poor; the second is that university teachers have a relatively stable income and high social status, hopes to teach in schools get a break now also appears to throw the jobs are not This job was almost over golden rice bowl, but certainly better than the iron rice bowl; third is more difficult because of the conditions of its own outside the campus to seek a satisfactory job, had the second best choice to stay in an ivory tower.
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who is very respected me, at least I do not have the courage, it now appears unlikely in this life and are eligible by. academic spirit of a nation a sense represents the conscience of this nation. Academic Although Like religion, not from the secular, but the academic spirit naturally with the hubbub and noise should be sufficient distance. It is difficult to imagine a disco High time to time people can devote themselves to study a thousand years ago in the Tang Dynasty traffic history, but also can not imagine a five-star hotels at every turn in a box in the balcony and a group of potbellied professor who Gongchoujiaocuo some will go to painstaking research about endangered animals.
So, in a sense, the real concentrated academic people and the world will always maintain a certain distance. is precisely because such a distance with the secular mind, the need to consider before selection of academic ability to bear their own loneliness, whether driving a car around in someone else willing to ride in the time laboratory research their topic. If you can do this, I hope you do not only professors, but I believe you can do a good professor.
However, China's academic and pulled away from the secular world too close, and even the world inside and outside the University with the removal of the wall and thoroughly fused together. Professor at the same time as the merchant, or become a politician. It makes part of the academic opportunists also gained a lot of speculation by economic or political the interests, but also for China's universities and academic circles throughout the people lost its rightful place and respect.
1998 100th anniversary of Peking University when the University invited the president of Tokyo, Japan to attend the celebration . The president of Peking University to attend the celebration, it was found sitting on their side, is also a Japanese, can not the Japanese president of a university, but simply an economic subsidy to Japanese businessmen over North . If this happens between the two Chinese university presidents will certainly cotton merchant with a view to the other side also to their own schools or scholarship funds for scientific research, however, not president of the University of Tokyo, but not with Japanese businessmen who cotton, and very angry that such a move North insult the sanctity of the academic.
in Japan, let alone a university president is more than a respectable businessman, is perhaps even more than the social status of the Prime Minister. Although the Japanese never want to reflect on his history, but their respect for the academic is I have to admire. In the North that the top Chinese universities, businessmen and university presidents can be not ourselves seriously, and also talk about what other people's respect? Thus, academic spirit into this transaction and the ultimate victims of the game.
Therefore, I hope the students can be determined in the academic field in such a very good social atmosphere in the stick to its principles, not because a little bit of money or the power of the temptation to give up his academic conscience. If this is not considered is not as soon as possible to continue into the academic circles. made a famous professor CPPCC members can certainly do it, but if you pay more attention to the title, in that case as early as possible in politics, saying that the CPPCC members are not allowed to make before you make a CPPCC chairman. Again, you do even after well-known scholars You can also moonlighting as the star as misappropriating around, but if you're more interested in money than academic, that it was business as quickly as possible, so that you may well live in the house before becoming well-known scholars on the BMW Open.
Recently, Professor of Law, like the famous legal case-specific expert opinion issued by the phenomenon of more and more common. The following passage is the blog of China (Blogchina) in a post about this.
2003 a day in summer , while in the capital partners of law firms Professor Wang as his five colleagues (all three institutions from the capital, for his customers (a real estate company) to provide legal advice. The real estate company indicated on the advertisement to be used to build the garage and green house, fierce clashes with the owners, the news media have reported the incident. In Professor Wang suggested, the real estate company decided to spend money on legal advice written by experts, to prepare for possible litigation.
experts door seated, real estate companies on the smiling young lady sent an envelope to each expert. In weigh the envelope of the moment, the experts decided what to say any more. lady told me take care of the boss again, the envelope must be handed in before the opening of experts, as long as experts before opening the envelope in his pocket, and everything has been fixed up.
the oldest, most white hair, the first expert to speak: know, in many cases, the plaintiff and defendant to find a well-known professor with the written legal opinion to the situation they found everywhere, they eat well-known professors are also accused the plaintiff to eat, but compared with the judge, they eat less a little bit.
most qualified incumbent upon the old man the first statement: expressed the consensus: According to China's existing laws, the real estate company to the original green to be used to build a house is neither illegal, nor breach of contract.
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asked: , good. surprising words: wave, signed his name mm which he made after the judge weigh the envelope. In the most qualified man's lead, the other four experts generously signed. write a single word in the legal opinion of the situation, experts signatures has been completed.
After the meeting, Professor Wang told me: advocate multi-master! Professor Wang looked at me stunned look, sarcasm, said: The This article was originally online, no way to test authenticity, so you can not believe there is such a thing. However, today's scholars increasingly commercial'd indisputable fact. but I do not understand: these famous professors since the love academic rather than the love of money, then why do professors do? do a Professor of Law should be likened to earn more. And if you envy the professors to make money fast, if you are prepared to do the professor after the passage of the ways people become rich first, then you better consider doing business now, traders make money only natural, much more than glory in such a way, and earn much more money to have the same time, the Chinese academic sector is also a great blessing.
2004 年 10 months, the major Web sites have published an article entitled the most profound questions and launch an attack. The following is one paragraph:
can say unequivocally that, in all corners of China's academic circles, in any field, can be found, can be found in academic corruption. In fact, In many areas, academic corruption is simply not to look, it will be like latrine odor in the smoke blackening the sky, like nostrils. It is said that in China's academic circles, if you want to survive, you have to show 80% of the focus on interpersonal relationships. this white teeth to deceive, to fool the government and people, its daring, its unbridled, almost to the degree of anger. They what? because behind them is the corruption of the academic community as a whole. They corrupt forces doing my part to become the spokesman. < br> Perhaps this is inevitable some of the wording is too intense and extreme, but, for a people who really want to join the academic, this text is necessary to look carefully. If the full text of interest can easily be the Internet to find out. If you are still determined, after reading this article would like to join the academic, I have the courage to you my highest respect. but if you want to do an academic opportunists, want from the corruption fish in troubled waters in the academic environment, I advise you, make a fortune for a promotion right way.
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> academic independence
discussed above academic and economic relationships, can be incorporated into the context of academic independence, but in general, academic independence is academic independence from political ideology. University of independence and freedom of privilege by the indomitable struggle earned. all the old European universities, which have never experienced without the struggle for independence.
still in prototype phase of the University of Paris to fight in order to achieve autonomy, and countless students in the fight for independence and academic independence of universities even the process of blood sacrifice. then the other universities are beginning a long struggle. to the early 19th century, the University of Berlin as the representative to ; as the core of the not subject to any political and religious. independent and autonomous, open, tolerant, free exploration, the pursuit of truth, uphold the ideals, and the keeper of the traditional concept and the tension between frontier as agents of change, these factors finally become the basic characteristics of the modern university.
However, the traditional Chinese scholar is along the never been sought as a whole, the value of pursuing an independent.
Peking University as a pioneer of modern China, although early in the May Fourth Movement, and other times there have been few independent spirit of exploration, but its predecessor is China Two thousand years of history stretching Imperial College, and the 1898 establishment of the Imperial University, but also a political product. then North has repeatedly tried to put into the embrace of politics, after the liberation of active requests from the former Library Assistant Administrator own inscription, revolutionary vanguard later played the role of the Cultural Revolution, have all proved academic independence from the university has long way to go, from a real university has long way to go. Now there are some scholars and students of Beijing University has in-depth reflection of this problem, but from China University as a whole, the road is still far from academic independence began.
looks as if these words are very abstract macro, however, for the academic track of a determined people who are not but consider . When you really become a scholar and began his academic career, your conscience in the end is the subject of academic or subject to political reason? Although theoretically possible reason and political unity, but the reality is in many cases will you have to make choice. On this issue, I can not say more, only if you really want to choose the academic path, there must be brave enough to value their own inner criteria for doing so. Meanwhile, I wish you all the way!
shopping: everything is possible
few years ago, students had popular saying goes like this job: first-class talent to the agency, second-rate talents to foreign companies, third-rate talents to private enterprises. However, as China is growing from a center of politics society into an economic center of society, people who say this, fewer and fewer.
center of a social economy would mean in the entire social structure, in terms of business with respect to politics is the first and not second. In other words, Gates and Clinton ...
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